His name is Yusuf bin Ayoub bin Shadhi, and among his titles are Salah al-Dunya and al-Din, Sultan of Islam and Muslims, Abu al-Muzaffar, al-Malik al-Nasir, collector of the word of faith, a promoter of justice and charity, and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, as described by the judge of Jerusalem and the soldiers of Salah al-Din and his biographer Baha. Al-Din bin Shaddad.
His father, Najm al-Din Ayoub, died in Egypt, but his birth was in the town of Buying at the last frontiers of eastern Azerbaijan.
He was born in the Citadel of Tikrit, a town between Baghdad and Mosul.
He was kind and generous
Saladin was polite with his father.
Among the characteristics of “Yussef Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi” is that he was of gentle manners, good humour, good manners, and pure in assembly, hearing, tongue and pen.
He had tears in his eyes when he listened to the Holy Quran.
He did not like to hear about anyone but the good.
Salah al-Din was a scientist with the wonders of the world and its anecdotes.
He preserved the lineage of Arabian horses.
The Crusader historian “William al-Suri” (who killed his brother in one of the battles against the Muslims) said of him: “A man with an advanced spirit, brave in war and generous to the point of generosity.”
Al-Qalqashandi says the difference between the king and the Sultan is that the king is more special. Saladin was nicknamed the two titles.
Youssef Salah El-Din had a daughter called “Muniss Khatoun”.
Modern researchers note, it is historically consistent that Saladin did not take the title of “Sultan” officially.
The just king Nur al-Din and Asad al-Din headed to Egypt for fear of being taken over by the enemies, and Salah al-Din was obliged to walk to Egypt despite his unwillingness to do so. 5
Yusuf Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi took over the ministry during the time of the Fatimid al-Adid. He fought for 16 years and ruled for 24 years.
The Fatimid ruler al-Adid called his minister Salah al-Din “Al-Malik al-Nasir.”
Salah El-Din died while working on the construction of the Citadel of the Mountain in Cairo. Then work was done in the time of the just rule.
Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi said in his will to his son, al-Zahir Ghazi: “I advise you to fear God Almighty, for it is the head of all good.
One of his military habits was to circumambulate the enemy every day, once or twice, if he was close to them.
The writer “Edward Gibbon” described Youssef Salah al-Din as saying: “He was humble, did not know extravagance or luxury, and only wore his cloak made of coarse wool, and he knew nothing but a mirage of water. He was religious in word and deed and from the intensity of his righteousness and piety that he He used to read the Noble Qur’an on his horse during the battles and amid the armies ready to fight.”
He sat for justice on Mondays and Thursdays.
Salah al-Din allowed the Egyptians to live in the city of Cairo after it was reserved for the ruling Fatimids only.
The idea and invention convinced him of “Hassan”, the young Damascene, who invented chemicals mixed with oil, then the liquid was placed in copper pots and thrown on the three Crusader towers and burned. The towers were made of wood and iron and covered with leather, watered with vinegar so that no fire would penetrate them, and they were made in haste, as one tower could accommodate more than five hundred soldiers. It was a great danger to the Muslim army. Hasan al-Nahhas did not accept the reward and did what he did for the sake of God Almighty.
When the news of the loss of a Crusader mother reached her three-month-old child (and he had been taken by the Muslims to the market to be sold), the Crusaders told her to go to Salah al-Din to get her child back, because he was “merciful in heart,” as the Crusader kings described him for a woman in distress. And when he heard her story, Saladin sympathized with her and brought tears to his eyes and ordered her to bring the baby, so they discovered that it had been sold in the market, so he ordered her to pay its price and retrieve it. The mother embraced him and nursed him, and returned to her place on a mare ordered by Saladin.
Salah al-Din did not leave a house, he did not leave a garden, no real estate, no property, no farm, no village, and none of the types of property, and this is how rulers are.
Salah al-Din did not burn the Fatimid library in Cairo; this is what Dr Qassem Abdu Qassem said on a television program, rejecting the Shiite accusation that was transmitted by some tongues. He says that most of the books of this library were sold during the Al-Mustansiriya hardship (which occurred during the days of the Fatimid Al-Mustansir rule, meaning much before the period of Salah Al-Din’s rule), and Salah Al-Din distributed the rest. The books were dispersed, and the men of Salah al-Din themselves acquired them. And he had entrusted the Turkish Bahaa al-Din Qaraqosh with the order of liquidating the library, and he was not interested in reading.
In the famous Battle of Hattin, where the Muslims defeated the Crusaders, Yusuf Salah’s army lit fires around the enemies, causing them to become thirsty, which made them surrender.
The victory of the Muslims in the Qarun Hattin was on July 4, 1187, and they conquered Jerusalem on October 2, 1187.
The traditional symbol of the Crusaders is the same as that on the sails of the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus. It was a white background and a red cross.
Among the Crusader figures who were captured in the famous battle of “Hattin” were King Jefri. Prince Ernat, the cruel and bloody ruler of “Karak”, “Renaud de Chayton” who had violated the truce before and had betrayed and abused a convoy of Muslims that was present from Egypt, and when the Egyptians mentioned to him the talk of the armistice He said to them in arrogance and transgression: “Say to Muhammad, he will save you.”
Emperor Frederick I, Lord of Rosa, led the German forces in the Third Crusade. Richard I, “the Lionhearted,” participated, which led the soldiers to the Anglo-Normans and the Aquitanians. Philip Augustus led the French forces. Barbarossa died by drowning in the Calicandos River in Minor Armenia. 70 years old.
When the Crusaders King Jefri was captured in the Battle of Hattin, Saladin gave him a drink of iced rosewater because he was very thirsty. Baha Al-Din Bin Shaddad writes: “It was upon Jamil, the custom of the Arabs and their generous manners, that if a captive ate or drank water from the one who captured him, he would be safe. It means his security, and he did not execute him.”
Jesus Al-Awwam (Al-Awwam Issa) used to put gold bags around his waist that contained the expenses of the Mujahideen in the Muslim army of gold (once the bags contained a thousand (A) Wrap (JD) and books for the soldiers. He was swimming, diving and deceiving the enemy, and he came out from the other side of the Crusaders’ boats, and this guerrilla was martyred on one occasion.
The Crusaders in Jerusalem killed 70,000 Muslims, including scholars and imams. They described the bloody situation, saying: “Our horses were wading in a sea of ​​Muslim blood until he rode them.” This was before Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi.
The Muslim army, led by the Kurdish Yusuf Salah al-Din, was made up of elements from Egypt, Aleppo, Al-Jazeera and Diyarbakir, the city of Damascus. Thus, the Muslims won when they united under one banner and liberated Jerusalem and other important cities.
Saladin did not enable the Crusaders’ soldiers to reach the water, so they became thirsty before the Battle of Hattin.
In 1169 Saladin became a vizier in Egypt.
He remained a vizier in Egypt until the death of the great Fatimid ruler Abu Muhammad Abdullah, and their rule ended, and the rule of the Ayyubid dynasty began.
Salah al-Din participated in its beginnings in the battle of the two doors. Al-Babeen is a village located south of the Egyptian city of Minya, as explained to us by the scholar Dr Gamal Al-Din Al-Shayal.
Salah al-Din made a gutter (gutter) in the gate of the Citadel of Damascus. One pours milk, and the other drops water mixed with sugar. The mothers came twice a week to take what they needed from her.
Bahaa al-Din Ibn Shaddad, the biographer of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, wrote that the inheritance of the Sultan of the Muslims, Abu al-Muzaffar, Yusuf bin Najm al-Din Ayoub, was 47 Nasiriyah dirhams, and one dinar was fictitious gold. This was all the Sultan left.
Some modern researchers believe that Salah al-Din is the one who gave the title: “Sultan” to himself. There are other opinions.
Salah al-Din built the Castle of the Mountain in Mokattam and another castle on Pharaoh’s Island in Taba, Egypt.
The Castle of the Mountain was built on the highest piece of land between the Mokattam Hills and the Nile River.
Salah El-Din helped complete the Citadel of the Mountain project in Cairo, his brother Al-Malik Al-Adil and Amir Qaraqosh.
The Mamluks made the castle the seat of their rule.
The Salah of the world and religion built the mihrab of Al-Aqsa Mosque.
Salah al-Din brought and placed the pulpit of King Nur al-Din Mahmoud Zangi in the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
Salah al-Din restored the Dome of the Rock, and his brother al-Adil built the Omari Mosque in 1193.
Ali al-Dajani wrote that the dome that Salah al-Din ordered to be built over a pulpit in Al-Aqsa Mosque was raised during the first modern repairs and placed in the Al-Aqsa Mosque Museum in Jerusalem.
General al-Katib mentioned that Salah al-Din did not leave in his treasury at his death only 36 dirhams and one gold dinar.
Sitt al-Sham, the sister of Salah al-Din, was generous, compassionate, and built corners and gorges.
The two parties pledged in the Ramla Peace Treaty that it would be for three years, three months and three days.
Salah al-Din repaired Al-Aqsa Mosque and covered its dome with mosaics.
Salah al-Din cut off the call to prayer, which was called in the days of the rule of the Shiite Ubaid state, with the phrase “live on good work.”
The Ayyubids built a huge number of mosques in Alexandria.
After his capture in the Battle of Hattin, the Crusaders King Jafri was seated in the corridor of the tent that had been erected. Still, Salah al-Din was kind to his heart after executing the cursed Ernat, saying: “It is not the custom of kings to kill kings, but this (means Renaud de Chatillon, nicknamed when Muslims with Ernat) because he crossed his limit and what happened happened.”
Muslims entered Bait Al-Maqdis under the leadership of Yusuf Salah Al-Din, liberating him from the Crusaders on Rajab 27, 583 AH, and it was Friday, which is the same day as the memorial of the Mi’raj incident.
Arab Muslims ruled Jerusalem for 717 years, and the Turks and Seljuks ruled it for 315 years. (From the list of the Palestinian Academic Society for International Studies).
The first who built Jerusalem were the Yabissian Arabs (Yebus is one of the stomachs of the Canaanites) about 7000 years ago, and in another opinion, about 5000 years ago.
The Roman Emperor called Jerusalem “Aelia Capitolina” because his name was “Aelius Hadrian”.
Our master Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, used the name “Elia” when he wrote in his book “The Covenant of Life” when Muslims entered Jerusalem and Patriarch “Saffrinus” handed him the key to the city.
Dr Mustafa Abdel-Ghani asserts that the Arab-Islamic rule in Jerusalem represented about 70.9 per cent of the period between 3000 BC and 1917, the period of the British occupation, while the control of the Jews did not represent more than 1.6 per cent of its history.
The German Emperor Wilhelm II visited Saladin’s tomb in 1898 and said: “What increases my pleasure is that I am in a country in which the greatest men of his time lived, and one who was unique in his bravery and courage, who was a role model for martyrdom, whose fame was evident in the horizons except He is the ruler, Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi.
Saladin never met King Richard the Lionhearted.
Saladin did not go to the tent of Richard I, “The Lionheart”, for his treatment. But he sent him snow and fruit.
The French General “Henry Gouraud” expressed his hatred when he stood in front of the tomb of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in Damascus, Syria, saying: “Here we are back, Salah al-Din.” This was after the Maysaloon battle on July 24, 1920.
Marshal Allenby said: “Now the Crusades are over when he entered Jerusalem after the First World War.”
Saladin ransomed some of the Crusaders from his own money and even cried when the Crusaders’ families were scattered when they were sold into slavery.
Our master Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, used the name “Elias” when he wrote in his book “The Covenant of Omar” when Muslims entered Jerusalem and Patriarch “Saffrinus” handed him the key to the city.
Dr Mustafa Abdel-Ghani asserts that the Arab-Islamic rule in Jerusalem represented about 70.9 per cent of the period between 3000 BC and 1917, the period of the British occupation, while the control of the Jews did not represent more than 1.6 per cent of its history.
The German Emperor Wilhelm II visited Saladin’s tomb in 1898 and said: “It increases my pleasure to be in a country in which he lived, who was the greatest man of his time, and unique in his bravery and courage, who was a role model for martyrdom, whose fame was evident in the horizons except And he is Qahraman Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi.
Salah al-Din allowed the Egyptians to live in the city of Cairo after it was reserved for the ruling Fatimids only.
Salah al-Din made a gutter (gutter) in the gate of the Citadel of Damascus. One pours milk, and the other drops water mixed with sugar. The mothers came twice a week to take what they needed from her.
Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi said in his will to his son, al-Zahir Ghazi: “I advise you to fear God Almighty, for it is the head of all good, and he commands you what God has commanded, for it is the cause of your salvation, and I warn you against blood, entering into it, and imitating it, for blood does not sleep….”
Youssef Salah El-Din had a daughter called “Muniss Khatoun”.
The idea and innovation convinced him of “Hassan”, the young Damascene, who invented chemicals mixed with oil, then the liquid was placed in copper pots and thrown on the three Crusader towers and burned. The towers were made of wood and iron and covered with leather, watered with vinegar so that no fire would penetrate them, and were installed on wheels, as one tower could accommodate more than five hundred soldiers. It was a great danger to the Muslim army. Hasan al-Nahhas did not accept the reward and did what he did for the sake of God Almighty.
Saladin never met King Richard the Lionhearted.
Saladin did not go to the tent of Richard I, “The Lionheart”, for his treatment. But he sent him snow and fruit.
The French General “Henry Gouraud” expressed his hatred when he stood in front of the tomb of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in Damascus, Syria, saying: “Here we are back, Salah al-Din.” This was after the Maysaloon battle on July 24, 1920.
Marshal Allenby said: “Now the Crusades are over when he entered Jerusalem after the First World War.”
Salah al-Din built the Castle of the Mountain in Mokattam and another castle on the island of Pharaoh in Taba, Egypt.
The Salah of the world and religion built the mihrab of Al-Aqsa Mosque.
Salah al-Din brought and placed the pulpit of King Nur al-Din Mahmoud Zangi in the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
Salah al-Din restored the Dome of the Rock, and his brother al-Adil built the Omari Mosque in 1193.
General al-Katib mentioned that Salah al-Din did not leave in his treasury at his death only 36 dirhams and one gold dinar.
Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad, the biographer of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, wrote that the inheritance of the Sultan of the Muslims, Abu al-Muzaffar, Yusuf ibn Najm al-Din Ayoub, was 47 Nasiriyah dirhams, and one dinar was fictitious gold. This was all the Sultan left.
Salah al-Din did not leave a house; he did not leave an orchard, real estate, property, a farm, a village, or any other type of property. This is how rulers are.
The Muslim army, in which “Assad al-Din Shirkuh” and “Youssef Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi” won in the battle of “Between al-Babain” (a village south of Minya about ten miles near the ruins of Hermopolis – the Ashmunites -) over the Crusader forces, and this was before Salah al-Din became a commander Muslim armies.
During the Peace of Ramla, Saladin sent ice and fruits to the sick Richard I and sent his doctor to treat him. But he did not go – Saladin – to Richard I’s tent for his treatment.
Ibn al-Atheer wrote that when the Crusaders entered Jerusalem, they massacred 70,000 Muslims, men, women and children, and only the Ubaidiya garrison survived.
On July 15, 1099, the Crusaders occupied Jerusalem, and the military garrison was Ubaidiya (Fatimid). They held a sit-in in the Mihrab of David for three days, they were expelled in complete safety to Ashkelon and from to it Egypt, and an agreement was made.
What is the “tithe of Salah al-Din”? It is a tax imposed by Pope Gregory VIII and amounted to 10 per cent on income and movable property to finance a new crusade.
The castle of the soldier or Sidr castle was established during the direction of the armies of Salah al-Din to fight the Crusaders. Ras Sidr is about 200 km from Cairo, and the castle is about 80 km from Ras Sidr. The Egyptian archaeologist Abdel Rahim Rihan confirms that the castle was built in four years, from 1183 to 1187, and was built of granite and sandstone.
Salah al-Din built a bipartisan (the place of the sick = a hospital) in Cairo in 1177, and treatment was free.
Muhammad Abd al-Fattah, director of the Department of Conservation of Arab Antiquities, wrote in 1363 AH and 1944 AD in a memorandum on repairing al-Aqsa Mosque. By renewing this holy mihrab and building the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which is based on piety, the founder of Abdullah and his guardian Yusuf bin Ayyub Abu Al-Muzaffar Al-Malik Al-Nasir, the righteousness of the world and religion, when God opened it at his hands in the months of the year five hundred and eighty-three, and he asks God to broadcast his thanks for this blessing and increase his share of forgiveness and mercy “.
The last moments of the life of the liberator of Jerusalem: When Sheikh Abu Jaafar (who had been summoned to remind him of martyrdom and to remember God Almighty and to read the Qur’an, at a time when Salah al-Din’s mind was absent and barely awakened except sometimes) reached the Almighty’s saying: “There is no god but God, I trust in Him.” Saladin smiled, and his face rejoiced, and he handed it over to his Lord, as was told to Bahaa al-Din Ibn Shaddad.
Saladin died on March 4, 1193, while he was buried in Damascus, Syria.
When Richard lost his horse in the battle of Arsuf (Arsuf forests north of Jaffa), Saladin sent him two horses.
Among the sayings of Salah al-Din is that he said: “How can joy, food, the deliciousness of sleep, and Jerusalem be in the hands of the Crusaders?”
The first Friday sermon in Al-Aqsa Mosque after its liberation was by Judge Muhyi al-Din bin Zaki al-Din.
He passed away on 27 Safar 589 AH.
The six-pointed star is present as an Islamic artistic unit in the Citadel of the Soldier built by Salah al-Din in Egypt, in the Sinnari House in Sayyida Zainab, on the pulpit of Salah al-Din in the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron, Palestine, and on the pulpit of the Mursi Abu al-Abbas mosque in Alexandria.
JJoseph’sWell in the Citadel (after the name of Salah al-Din and not of our master Joseph, peace be upon him) is about 87 meters deep, carved in limestone.

The oxen died to push the machines to raise the water.
Studying the site’s geography, the topography of the lake, the location of the water, and the speed and direction of the wind are among the natural elements that benefited from them with sharp intelligence. The feat commander Salah al-Din in his battle in the Hittin region.
Salah al-Din restored the honourable Sunnah of the Prophet and the respect of the Companions, may God be pleased with them all, after the Ubaidians – the Fatimids – used to say: “e who curses and insults, has a dinar and a reward” to encourage insulting the Companions and their fragrant memory.
Salah al-Din saved Egypt from the collapse of the country under the leadership of the corrupt Shiite slaves.
“the whole Crusade was a colossal failure,” Stephen Runciman said in his History of the Crusades.
Qaraqosh used the Crusaders prisoners in the construction of the castle.
After Richard I failed to conquer Jerusalem, he returned to the West, captured in Austria.
1192 is the year Richard I sold the island of Cyprus to the Crusader Guy de Lusignan.
The Fifth Crusade was against Egypt, but it failed, and it lasted from 1217 to 1221 AD.
After the great victory of Hattin, the Muslims took back Tiberias, Acre, and Jaffa beyond Beirut and then conquered Jerusalem.
It was agreed in the Ramleh Peace that Jerusalem would remain in the hands of the Muslims. The Franks would be allowed to visit it religiously, and that the coast would be from the beginning to the south for the Muslims under the leadership of Salah al-Din, and that Ashkelon would be west, and that the Franks would keep the coast from Acre to Jaffa, which is a narrow Palestinian coastal strip.
Saladin was buried first in the Citadel of Damascus. His body was transferred to the Azizia School in Kalasa, north of the Umayyad Mosque, through his son, the dear King Othman, King of Egypt.
The heroes Nur al-Din Mahmoud, al-Nasir Salah al-Din and al-Zahir Baybars, were buried in Damascus.
Yusuf Saladin gave birth to 17 sons and one daughter.
Salah al-Din was not nicknamed “aliph.”
A legend about Saladin, when he was suffering from the throes of death, summoned his banner-bearer and ordered him to go around Damascus, carrying a piece of his shroud with the tip of the spear, and proclaiming that the king of the East did not carry with him to the grave except This rag.
The Shiite writer “bn Abi Tai” (died 1233) wrote about Salah al-Din with distinction, admiration, and interest, even though he – the Shiite writer – as opposed to Nur al-Din Mahmoud bin Zangi, and it is known that Salah al-Din was a Sunni.
Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad wrote a book entitled “he Virtues of Jihad” specifically for Salah al-Din.
Salah al-Din singled out a bureau for the fleet, placed endowments on it and entrusted its supervision, and on behalf of the port of Alexandria to his brother, the just king, Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub.
The Khwazim and the Muslim Turks regained Jerusalem in 1244 AD. In 1291 AD, the Mamluks regained Acre, thus destroying the last crusader state.
The heroes of the Muslim army, such as Nur al-Din Mahmud Zangi, Imad al-Din Zangi, Qutuz and Baybars, are mentioned and studied their jihad and victories in the books of the West.
The Turkish traveller “Julia Chalabi” says that when the Crusaders raided Egypt during the time of Sultan Nur al-Din (nicknamed the martyr): “alah al-Din was appointed commander of 80,000 soldiers, and sent him to Egypt, and when Salah al-Din reached the Egyptian region and defeated the infidels in Mansoura, the city was named With this name, her name was “Ayhan” even if he reached Egypt safely, the Egyptians received him with general joy, and made him the Sultan of Egypt, optimistic about him and admiring his management. It is a historical overview by Eulia Chalabi.
Evliya Chalabi made a mistake when he wrote that cursed Spain attacked Egypt with a thousand ships through Damietta. Dr Ahmed Metwally Moghadam and reviewer of the book “ehatnamah”, corrected the mistake by saying in the margin: “pain never attacked Egypt.”Olia says that each of the towers of the Golden Castle (Citadel of the Mountain) could accommodate a thousand soldiers and describes JJoseph’sWell: This world and he did not see this well, it is as if he did not see anything and did not know what art and what is the purpose of man being the noblest of creatures.
Al-Maqrizi tells that Yusuf Salah al-Din chose the location of the mountain castle himself by placing three pieces of meat in three places and then chose the place where the meat would remain as long as possible without spoiling, which proves that Salah al-Din was a scientist with environmental science and healthy air as it was He is aware of the geography of the place and the direction of the wind that he used in his defeat of the Crusaders Franks in the battle of Hattin.
Salah al-Din did not take the mountain fortress as a seat of government, and he did not live in a palace, as did the Shiite Fatimid Ubaid’s.
Salah al-Din and his successors minted gold, silver and copper coins. There is a silver dirham of Saladin in the British Museum in 1184 AD. It weighed 9,560 grams. It was minted in Aleppo, Syria. There is a design on both sides of the six-pointed star, and inside one of them, the phrase “l-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf” was minted. “”
The heroes Nur al-Din Mahmoud, al-Nasir Salah al-Din and al-Zahir Baybars, were buried in Damascus.
The Shiite writer “bn Abi Tai” (died 1233) wrote about Salah al-Din with distinction, admiration, and interest, even though he – the Shiite writer – as opposed to Nur al-Din Mahmoud bin Zangi. It is known that Salah al-Din was a Sunni.
Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad wrote a book entitled “he Virtues of Jihad” specifically for Salah al-Din.
Salah al-Din singled out a bureau for the fleet, endowed it with endowments and entrusted it with supervision, and on behalf of the port of Alexandria to his brother, the just king, Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub.
Ibn Taghri Barada considered Salah al-Din the greatest Sultan and after him Sultan Najm al-Din Ayyub.
Abu Shama mentioned in his book “l-Rawdatain fi Remembrance of the Two States, Al-Tawr and Al-Salihiyyah” that the general plan of Nur al-Din and Salah al-Din to cooperate in fighting the Franks in the Levant was that Nur al-Din would go to them from the Levant, from the plain and the mountain. Salah al-Din would come from Egypt from land and sea.
Salah al-Din, al-Adil al-Awwal, al-Kamel and al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayoub, all from Bani Ayyub’s sultans, signed conditional treaties with the Italian commercial republics (Pisa – Venice – Genoa), which ruled some Zel these republics from the crusade movement.
Dr Ahmed Fouad Sayed says that “our al-Din” used to write to Salah al-Din with the prince “l-Isfahslar” or” is a Persian word meaning submitted, and “alar” is a Turkish word meaning military.
Salah al-Din, the son of his teacher Nur al-Din, reassured him after his death and affirmed his respect for him and his father with a message mentioned by “it Ibn al-Jawzi” came from Egypt (meaning to the Levant) to serve you and to fulfil the rights of the late (meaning his teacher, Nur al-Din), so do not hear from whom. around you, and your affairs are disrupted, and my only intention is to collect the word of Islam on the Franks.”Salah al-Din kept informing Nur al-Din about everything that was happening in Egypt. He had annexed Yemen with the permission of Nur al-Din. Thus was the overthrow of the Shiite Fatimid rule and the elimination of the Ismaili Shiite call and the sermon of Bani al-Abbas and not of the Fatimid Caliph. Salah al-Din sent antiques of the Fatimid palace to his master Nur al-Din A symbol of loyalty and dependency.
Even after the death of Nur al-Din, Salah al-Din betrothed to his son, al-Salih Ismail, and struck the railway in his name, if his goal was to unite the word of Muslims against the Franks and the greed of the infidels in Islam, as “bu Shama” said in the two gardens. He took the Egyptian land after the stage of SSalah’sprosecution ended Al-Din on the authority of the Zanki House in the rule of Egypt after he failed in reforming the guardians of the throne of Ibn Nur al-Din and defeating them and then signing peace with them.
Before Salah al-Din, Imad al-Din Zangi succeeded in uniting an Islamic front of the kings of the Euphrates Island, the Levant, and the Kurdish and Turkmen emirates.
Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi wrote on the authority of Nur al-Din on the subject of his pulpit and the qiblah in the Aleppo mosque in the name of Jerusalem: “e was intent on opening Jerusalem. The pulpit to him, and he kept the qiblah in the mosque of Aleppo.”Some have argued that the Fatimid Caliph al-Obaidi “l-Adid” was the one who chose Salah al-Din to take over the ministry because he was young, had few followers, and the military was in the Nouri army in Egypt.
The Sunni sectarian schools were the first reason why the Shiites in Egypt turned to the opinion of the group and the Sunnis. These schools were implemented by Salah al-Din, as Muhammad Kamel Hussein explained to us.
The Moroccan writer “l-Ohrani” said that Salah EEl-Din’sfather, Najm El-Din Ayoub, was the one who urged him to expedite the establishment of Sunni schools in Egypt.
Alexandria remained on the Sunni sect throughout the Shiite Fatimid state.
Dr Ahmed Fouad Sayed wrote about Salah aal-Din’sburning of the Fatimid library in Egypt: “e turned to the Ismaili dda’wabooks, which were contained in the Fatimid palace library, so he burned them and threw them on the Mokattam mountain, so that they became known as the volume of books, and then the non-sectarian books that were confiscated from The palace library, on top of the great scholars and supporters of his state, such as Imad Al-Isfahani, the eminent judge and Abu Shama.”The caliphs of Bani al-Abbas rumoured that the Fatimids were descended from a Jew or a Magian. This is what most likely thinks Dr Ahmed Fouad Sayed.
Saladin prevented the Ayyubid peace be upon the Fatimid Caliph in the call to prayer.
In the year 1172 AD, Yusuf Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi renovated the Amr ibn al-Aas mosque and renovated most of the parts of the mosque.
The Ayyubids built a huge number of mosques in Alexandria.
Ibn Jubayr (a contemporary of Salah al-Din) described Alexandria as “..and it is the country with the most mosques of God.” And he said that the estimation of the number of those who multiplied is 12 thousand mosques, and the small number is 8 thousand, then he wrote, “. And some of them say otherwise….” The Ayyubids are the first to establish a diwan of zakat in the history of Islamic Egypt. Maqrizi.
Salah al-Din removed the fee for milled mix, a duty on al-Hajjaj, for the duration of the Ubaid (Fatimid) state. And thus raise all taxes. They are illegal taxes collected from merchants on behalf of pilgrims, so the path of Hajj became easier after it was almost interrupted, and the pilgrims were no longer able to perform the Hajj.
The first naval campaign of the Egyptian Ayyubid fleet was in the year 566 AH to open the fortress of Ayla on the Red Sea.
Turanshah, the older brother of Salah al-Din, is the first to perform the pilgrimage of Banu Ayyub after they accede to the king.
In the year 576 AH / 1180 AD, a joint peace was signed, stipulating the cooperation of Salah al-Din and the SSultanof the Seljuks of Rome against the Crusaders.
Sibt ibn al-Jawzi says: “and the Sultan (he means Salah al-Din) entered the rock (meaning the rock in the Al-Aqsa Mosque) and washed it with the supplies, and it was said that he washed it with his beard while weeping, and he erased the images from it, broke the crosses, and burned the medicine house. And build the Al-Aqsa Mosque.” Dr Ahmed Fouad Sayed confirms: “n our opinion, burning the library of the Fatimid palace was not a big mistake and a cultural crime on the part of Salah al-Din, as some have argued. Al-Adil comes from Dr Ahmed, who wrote in the same book: “n fact, the Fatimid Caliphate was the greatest of the Islamic states that ruled Egypt, which negates the attempt to make excuses for Salah al-Din on the issue of burning the library. And note what Dr Qassem also said on this subject because of its importance.” Abu Shama (author of Al-Rawdatain), and a contemporary of the fall of the Ubaid state and the rise of the Ayyubids, wrote a book called “evealing the Unbelief, Lying, Deceiveness, and Conspiracy of the Banu Ubaid.” Abu Shama said: ” he Crusaders took the Levant in their time.”An attempt to eliminate Salah al-Din was eliminated in Cairo led by al-Qadi, al-Jalis, Amara al-Yamani and others, another in Alexandria, and another led by Abbas ibn Shadi and the treasure of the state, the enthusiastic Arab prince of the Fatimid state in other regions.
Ibn Wasil said that the date of the beginning of the establishment of Salah al-Din schools in Egypt in the year 566 AH / 1170 AD, during the time of the Ministry of Salah al-Din to the ruler al-Ubaidi “l-Adid.”
The Sunni schools built by Salah al-Din in Cairo were close to the mosque of Amr ibn al-Aas, the shrine of all-Shafi’iand al-Mashhad al-Husayni.
NS The science of hadith deteriorated in the Fatimid era (Al-Ubaidi). But it rose again in the Ayyubid era in Egypt and the Levant.
Salah al-Din made the judiciary in Egypt the judiciary of the SShafi’ischool of jurisprudence.
Saladin prevented the Ayyubid peace on the Fatimid Caliph in the call to prayer.
Ibn Jubayr (a contemporary of Salah al-Din) described Alexandria as “nd it is the country with the most mosques in God.”He said that the number of mosques is 12 thousand, and the small number is 8 thousand. Then he wrote, “and some of them say otherwise.” Salah al-Din removed the excise tax, which is a function of the pilgrims, during the period of the Ubaid (Fatimid) state, and thus raised all the excise duties, which are illegal taxes that were collected from merchants on pilgrims, so the path of pilgrimage was made easy after it was almost interrupted. The pilgrims were no longer able to perform the Hajj.
Mujir al-Din al-Hanbali said that Jerusalem remained in the hands of Muslims for 42 years until discord, division, and partisanship occurred between the kings of Bani Ayyub.
Weakened as a result of the dispute that occurred to Bani Ayyub after the death of Saladin, and in the year 625 AH, Jerusalem was handed over – unfortunately – to Frederick, King of the Germans and Sicily.
“ibt bin al-Jawzi,” says: “hen the Muslims learned that Jerusalem was handed over to the Franks, the resurrection took place in all the countries of Islam, and the greatness became intensified, and the funerals were held.”In his book, Mirat al-Zaman, “he Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi,” he wrote after Jerusalem was handed over to the Franks: “e says sadly…. And King Al-Nasir Dawood indicated that I should sit in the mosque of Damascus and mention what happened to Bait Al-Maqdis, so I could not oppose him. I saw from the zealous religion of Islam its agreement, so I sat in the mosque of Damascus, and Al-Nasir Dawood attended at the gate of Mashhad Ali, and it was a memorable day that he did not leave behind. One of the people of Damascus, and it was among the words: The delegations of visitors were cut off from Bait Al-Maqdis. Their hearts were cut with regret when I saw, may God bestow the consolation of the believers, O shy Muslim kings, and for such an incident, lessons are poured, for like it hearts are cut off with sighs, the heartbreaks are magnified…….
King Al-Nasir Daoud (the owner of Karak and the son of the great King Jesus, Damascus) recovered Jerusalem from the Franks. It is the second conquest of Jerusalem in the era of Bani Ayyub.
When family problems renewed again among the members of the Ayyubid family, Al-Nasir Dawud was forced to hand over Jerusalem again to the Franks in the year 641 AH. She had been in the hands of Muslims for four years.
Al-Hanbali said: ” he first person to inhabit the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque in Islam was the rightly-guided Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him.”Modern researchers note, it is historically consistent that Saladin did not take the title of “sultan” officially.
Some modern researchers believe that Salah al-Din is the one who gave himself the title: ” ultan.”There are other opinions.
Dr Ahmed Fouad Sayed: “. We can decide that the just king is the first to bear the titles of “ultan” and “all of the Commander of the Faithful.”Officially from the Abbasid Caliph 604 AH.
The Ayyubids are the first to establish a diwan of zakat in the history of Islamic Egypt, al-Maqrizi.
In 1172 AD, Youssef Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi renovated the Amr ibn al-Aas mosque and renovated most parts of the mosque.
The first naval campaign of the Egyptian Ayyubid fleet was in the year 566 AH to open the fortress of Ayla on the Red Sea.
Turanshah, the older brother of Saladin, was the first of the Bani Ayyub to perform Hajj after they became king.
In the year 576 AH / 1180 AD, a joint peace was signed, stipulating the cooperation of Salah al-Din and the SSultanof the Seljuks of Rome against the Crusaders.
Sibt ibn al-Jawzi says: ” he Sultan (he means Salah al-Din) entered the rock (meaning the rock in the Al-Aqsa Mosque) and washed it with the supplies, and it was said that he washed it with his beard while he was crying, and he erased the images from it and broke the crosses, and he burned the Daoism, and he built the Al-Aqsa Mosque.”In 1969 AD, the Jewish extremist (terrorist) burned parts of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the pulpit of the just king Nur al-Din, the martyr that Salah al-Din brought from Aleppo (he sent those who brought him) and put him in the al-Aqsa Mosque as wanted by his teacher Nur al-Din. The unique pulpit was described by “ujir al-Din.”Al-Hanbali” and the wooden pulpit placed in the chest of the mosque, and it is inlaid with ivory and ebony, and this Jewish terrorist claimed to be insane.
Parts of the minbar were saved and placed in the Islamic Museum in Al-Aqsa Mosque, and another new minbar was made.
The righteous king Najm al-Din Ayyub recovered Jerusalem, conquered Gaza and the coast of the Levant, and defeated the Crusaders of the Franks in the year 642 AH.
The Great Battle of Gaza in the year 642 AH was known to the Franks as “ittin II” due to many Frankish Crusaders being killed and captured.
The righteous king Najm al-Din, the liberator of Jerusalem and Gaza, is the Sultan of the righteous king Najm al-Din Ayoub, the son of al-Malik al-Kamil, Muhammad ibn al-Malik al-Adil, Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub.
Al-Aqsa is the name of all the mosques on which the wall revolves.
Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi removed and destroyed the statues that the Franks put up during their occupation of Jerusalem, removed the transgressions and abominations, and erased the images.
All members of the Ayyubid royal family were called the “prince.”
Dr Qassem Abdo Qassem: “nd from the womb of the historical circumstances that surrounded the late Ayyubids, the state of the Mamluk sultans emerged, which succeeded in wresting the historical role from the Ayyubids.”He was with Al-Salih Najm Al-Din Ayoub, and he was fighting the Franks, the Khwarizm soldiers and the Egyptians, and they had recovered Gaza, the coasts, and Al-Quds Al-Sharif.
The Crusaders occupied Jerusalem for 92 years before Saladin liberated it.
Jerusalem has not been taken out of the hands of the Muslims since its liberation in 642 AH under the leadership of Al-Salih Najm Al-Din until the First World War.