The Prophet Muhammad changed the culture of the Quraish.

Dr. Siham Abdel Baqi Mohamed

Anthropologist – Faculty of Higher African Studies – Cairo University

Mecca was one of the most important religious centres after the call of our master Ibrahim to the doctrine of monotheism, which was based in the Sacred House, in addition to the presence of a limited number of those who believe in Judaism and Christianity. The “Khuza’a” tribe leader placed the first idol around the Kaaba, which is “Habil”, to spread idolatry around and inside the Sacred House. Then the leadership of the “Quraysh” tribe reached, and “Qusay” became the fourth grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad. May God bless him and grant him peace, the religious head of the Sacred House, through his presidency. To the house of the seminar, the general, and the arrival of the pilgrims and their watering, then his son Abd Manaf bin Qusay succeeded him. His son Hashem, then Abd al-Muttalib then Abu Talib, then his brother al-Abbas until the advent of Islam, which restored to the Sacred House its first prestige and purity that began with our master Ibrahim so that his claim would be fulfilled and become The house is the qiblah of pilgrims since the Muhammadiyah message until the Hour of Resurrection.

Mecca prospered economically through its extensive trade in what is known as the winter and summer trips. The Hejaz did not know the term “civil state” after separate tribes were disputes until after the formation of the Islamic society in the city and the Islamic civil state that testifies to God in oneness. A prophet with the message is based on equality, justice and judgment to the Book of God And the Sunnah of His Messenger, and the preservation of rights and the fulfilment of trusts based on a civil constitution considered the first in the history of the Islamic evidence. It included 25 articles to regulate the lives of Muslims, while the articles of social relations or citizenship relations amounted to 27 articles. This constitution also included the rights of non-Muslims to good neighbourliness and freedom of belief and worship.

And when God sent the Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, as a messenger to his people, the Meccan society was suffering from many social problems represented in the division of society into three classes, the class of the masters or the nobles of Quraysh who controlled the capital, the class of the destitute poor, and the class of slaves who were treated with the utmost Rudeness and cruelty, as well as the spread of prostitution and the grouping of some women between more than one man and the lineage of illegitimate children to the husband. The spread of theft, and the killing of children, meaning that women abort their pregnancy for fear of poverty. The tolerant teachings of Islam have been able to eliminate these social problems through the abolition of social classes and the elevation of human value. And the liberation of slaves, so that the charity of man depends on his righteousness, not on the extent of his possessions, nor his colour, and his gender, so he obliged the rich to pay zakat to the poor to narrow the gap between them, and to eliminate forms of bullying and slander with cruel nicknames and all forms of verbal aggression against the other, why not. Smiling in the face of the other is charity, removing harm is charity, and restraining tongues and hands. Just as the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was able to eliminate the crimes of theft and adultery at the time For the sons by swearing allegiance to the women, provided that they do not commit these crimes as long as they intend to enter Islam. At the same time, the economic problems were embodied in following the usurious system in financial transactions until it was forbidden and replaced by the values ​​calling for the fulfilment of the needs of others and the values ​​of solidarity and solidarity without waiting for material return and without conditions, not eating people’s money unjustly, writing the debt big or small to term, and not eating Orphans’ money, as the teachings of Islam squandered the culture of “survival of the strongest” and the erosion of the rights of the weak. Profusion.

On the cultural level, ignorance was widespread in society to a large extent, despite what was known about the Arabs of eloquence and eloquence and the abundance of their poets. They also had a culture of female hatred and nudity to not fall into captives and female slaves because of their many wars. Before the mission, the Arabs were nothing but warring and conflicting tribes ruled by interests, strife, scrambling for the world, following desires, falling into taboos from illegal relationships, and prostitution that spread in the pre-Islamic era to the extent that prostitution was It has special centres known as the bearers of the red banners, and ignorance and illiteracy have been overcome by calling for reading and urging knowledge and knowledge to be the first verses revealed by revelation (Recite in the name of your Lord who created) Surat Al-Alaq, verse (1). To the extent that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, assisted the prisoners in educating Muslims in return for their release. Hence, the freedom of the captive depended on educating ten Muslims. From the man and the woman and the spouses, the honour of men to women, and the kindness often.

This is how our guiding Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, replaced the culture of hatred, injustice and arrogance with a culture of love, justice and humility. He replaced dictatorial, class and racist regimes with democratic regimes that equalized the members of society in rights and duties and defined their dealings and dealings with them. Therefore, the new society that grew and thrived in the pillars of the civil state deserved to dominate the world, and open Hearts are ahead of paths with the teachings of his Lord and with prophetic guidance. That is why some Western thinkers spoke about the factors of his greatness and humanity and his extraordinary ability to solve all the problems that plague the world because he is a prophet of mercy and peace and the greatest.