Cleopatra VII
Cleopatra is an Egyptian queen who came to power after her father’s death, Ptolemy XII, in the fifty-first BC. Cleopatra was one of the famous figures in history; She was famous from the dramatic point of view of the love of Julius Caesar and her later marriage to Mark Antony. She was a model for the charming and romantic, beautiful women of that era. Still, from the historical point of view, she had a great impact on Roman politics in light of the critical circumstances she was going through, she ruled Egypt immediately The death of her father with her brother Ptolemy XIII, and that was from the year fifty-one BC until the year forty-seven BC. She ruled with her brother Ptolemy the fourteenth until the year forty-four BC. She ruled with her son Ptolemy Caesar until the year thirty BC. This coincided with the fall of Egypt under the control of the Romans after the defeat of Cleopatra and Antony’s join forces against Octavian’s Roman armies.
The life of Queen Cleopatra
The ruler of Egypt, Ptolemy XII, called Olites, received his third child in the royal family in the winter of sixty-nine BC. This girl was named Cleopatra, which in Greek means the glory of her father. Cleopatra joined the dynasty that ruled Egypt for more than two hundred and fifty years; Starting with Ptolemy I, who served in the fourth century BC as a general during the reign of Alexander the Great, and finally with Cleopatra’s rule.
Cleopatra was characterized by many traits that she inherited from the Ptolemies; She appeared as an Egyptian citizen, but her Greek origin flowed from her blood. Cleopatra – who is also known as Cleopatra VII historically – grew up in a palace located in Alexandria, where this palace included five sisters and brothers in addition to Cleopatra, whose mother’s identity was not confirmed by history; It is mentioned that their mother is the sister of Ptolemy XII, who was called Cleopatra the Fifth, as the pharaohs used to marry the older sister; Influenced by the life of the gods they worship.
Cleopatra and her brothers were raised in a way that allows the continuity of this dynasty, which allowed women to exercise rule independently, or to be partners with men in that, so she receives education to be prepared to rule the empire and manage its responsibility, just as men receive in ruling families, as this happens according to the Egyptian law that he followed The Ptolemies at the time, Cleopatra was a beautiful and charming woman who charmed many important personalities of her time with her attractive personality, in addition to her beautiful musical voice, and sharp intelligence represented in her political sophistication in particular. It is reported that Cleopatra spoke nine languages and was the first to speak the Egyptian language from the Ptolemaic pharaohs.
Cleopatra’s rule
Cleopatra ruled in 51 BC, where she became the dominant ruler in the rule shared by her brother Ptolemy, but this did not last for only a short period, when Queen Cleopatra was forced to abdicate and fled to Syria, and then returned in 48 BC after forming an army to confront her brother who He expelled her, and on the border she met Caesar of Rome, who was heading to Egypt for two purposes, as one of his officers had been killed on the border area after requesting asylum from Ptolemy, and Caesar was heading to Egypt to collect debts that were owed to King Ptolemy XII, which he needed to establish his rule, so she asked Queen Cleopatra helped him to restore her throne against her brother, so Caesar loved her when he saw her and fascinated her, and actually helped her to return the queen to Egypt, after they were besieged by the army of Ptolemy XIII, and reinforcements arrived after months to chase Ptolemy and his army until he drowned in the Nile, after which Cleopatra returned to rule Egypt, and some accounts mention that she married her younger brother, Ptolemy XIV, and gave birth to her son from him in 47 BC, whom she named Ptolemy Caesar, or the Little Caesar, who is believed to be the son of Caesar the Romans, but it is not certain.
Cleopatra’s death
The famous account of the death of Queen Cleopatra says that after Julius Caesar was assassinated, the rule of the empire, Mark Antony, who was very harsh and harsh in rule, and a love story erupted between Antony and Cleopatra. Then soon, war broke out between Antony and Julius Caesar’s legitimate son Octavius, who defeated Antony after a huge war called Actum, after which Antony committed suicide. Queen Cleopatra followed him after she learned of his suicide, where she placed a snake on her chest to sting her and then die. Suicide, but, as they believe, a murder committed by Octavius ​​after he took control of Egypt, and the evidence for this are that Cleopatra’s son, whom she sent to Ethiopia for fear of Octavius, was found murdered, and that two of Queen Cleopatra’s maids were found dead near her body, and this confirms the suspicions of Scholars about the story of her suicide.