• The gems
    Precious, precious or precious stones are different types of minerals composed of two or more elements and consist mainly of silica with some mineral impurities. Especially in areas of volcanic river flow
    The composition of each gemstone differs from the other in terms of conditions, constituent elements and the type of impurities involved during the basic installation processes.
    The crystal lattice system of most major gemstones is similar among these stones. What distinguishes one stone from another is the elements of interference during emanation and rapid crystal formation, which repeats the nucleated centre’s habit, pattern, and style at the beginning of the polymerization process. Its colour varies according to the degree of transparency resulting from several factors, including the minerals that enter as impurities on silicon. It is formed as a result of this, and it should be noted that all types of gemstones are composed of two or more elements except diamond, which is a mono-composition of one element, carbon.
    The term “Gemstones” in the English language, which consists of two words, and its synonym in the Arabic language are the two words “precious stones” or their equivalent in other languages. It means natural stones formed in the earth’s interior that no human has to do with their formation at all, and he extracts them from the earth, such as diamonds, sapphires, sapphires and emeralds. Humans have used them for decoration or energy, but we will talk about gemstones in terms of etymology in this part. We will deal with the beginning of the origin of “Gemstones” in the English language, and since the English language is divided in terms of origin into two main parts, the Old English language, which is the period that began approximately from ( 450 BC) and continued until the twelfth century AD. It is derived from West Germanic languages ​​and was strongly influenced by the Norwegian language; an example is a heroic poem in Old English Beowulf.
    The gems in ancient myths
    Gemstones have had a great impact on the human mind and heart ten thousand years ago, distinguished by supernatural powers that are associated with the social obsession of man in the main and its topics, which were hardly limited to issues of social relations, in the beginning, the many discoveries of gemstones known today, such as emerald, sapphire and sapphire Diamonds are the spark that unleashed human thinking to be more distant from reality and devoid of philosophical and metaphysical contemplations. On the contrary, its physical properties dominated his mind and thinking. Because of his inability to explain these phenomena, he used fantastical elements – sometimes – to create an element of suspense and excitement. In the weaving of legend, which was sometimes characterized by simplicity, it was going in one linear direction and maintaining a logical sequence, flowing in real-time and place. It had an educational and disciplinary message that was why he worshipped and sanctified it as he sanctified the sun, moon, wind, rain, thunder and any other natural phenomena that surrounded him and did not understand them. These myths were certainly composed in a more mature and sophisticated intellectual stage, making them synonymous with human concepts and higher values ​​such as the penalty for betrayal. Ihsan, the harmful effects of envy, which include symbols that require interpretation. He called them names and attributes to the point of claiming that they were gods, so he established temples and appointed priests and servants for those imaginary edifices.
    Humans have known gems and precious stones about 40 thousand years ago, and in those days, primitive man used them in the manufacture of necklaces, amulets and ornaments, as well as making them, due to their hardness, as heads for hunting arrows. Gradually, the man began to use many types of gemstones. The processes of refining, cutting, polishing, polishing and shaping began in the form of necklaces that mimic some of the vocabulary of nature, which was revealed by some Babylonian necklaces and necklaces that were found on the banks of the Euphrates River, which date back to the year 5000 BC.
    It is made of obsidian (a volcanic rock that looks like glass) and some natural rocks and some shells and oysters.
    Gems in Beliefs and Religions
    Gemstones are mentioned in all the religions and beliefs of the earth without exception. From the oldest beliefs known to man, “Buddhism,” up to the last of the heavenly religions, “Islam.” Those religions mentioned gemstones with the utmost precision or honour. These symbols lie inspiring universal wisdom. Its central ideas are expressed with exceptional clarity. Theosophists appeared whose ideas were spiritually and organically linked to these stones. Mandaean cosmopolitanism refers to the Supreme Being by “honouring and glorifying precious stones”, which are described as uniquely strange – selfless – meaning that they are far from being understood because they are beyond description. Because of its ambiguity and abstraction, the Mandaeans always speak of it in the form of the neutral plural (stones). They are natural stones formed in the earth’s interior that no human has to do with their formation at all, and he extracts them from the earth. Some precious stones were mentioned and described in the Holy Qur’an. The Almighty said: (from them come pearls and coral). And coral), and the Almighty said: (The Houris * are like hidden pearls).
    Sort gems by hardness
    What distinguishes gemstones from other stones are some physical characteristics, including durability, rarity, colour, hardness, and these measures and considerations are scientific confirmations of the stone’s quality. The scale of hardness. The colours of pearls vary according to the surrounding environment. It is measured by the degree of purity, large size, and regular rotation. Black is more expensive than white.
    Despite poor knowledge of the effects of gemstones, though, Classifying this field as a single science in itself, “The distinction and diversity in the properties and shapes of gemstones did not come in vain, there is divine wisdom in using gemstones to modify people’s energy.”
    The gemstone figure
    degree of hardness (hardness)
    1 diamond 1
    2 corundum / red ruby ​​/ blue sapphire or sapphire
    3 zircon / alexandrite
    4 Maybe (Spinel) / Topaz
    5 Aquamarine / Beryl / Emerald
    6 sapphirine / eucluse / Andulusite
    7 tourmaline / amethyst
    8 citrine / rock crystal / quartz (quartz) / smoke quartz / rose quartz
    9 garnet \ zircon \ mendite
    9 agate / jasper / aquamarine / tiger’s eye
    10 Moonstone / Petalite / Pyrite / Amazonite
    11 Bloodstone (Hematite) / Opal / Magnetite
    12 lapis lazuli / turquoise
    13 fluorite / coral
    14 pearls / talc (talk)
    The most famous gemstones
    1 – Diamonds.
    2- Topaz.
    3 – Quartz.
    4 – amber.
    5- The pearl.
    6 – ruby ​​red.
    7 – blue sapphire (sapphire).
    8 – yellow sapphire.
    9 – Allele (Spinel).
    10 – Emerald (which is one of the most beautiful gemstones).
    11 – Aquamarine (which is a blue emerald).
    12 – red agate (yellow).
    13 – Tourmarin.
    14 – Amethyst (a type of quartz, purple).
    15 – Cat’s eye (which is hydrated silica).
    16 – Peridot (a type of silicates).
    17 – feldspar
    18 – Zircon (a very rare mineral).
    19 – Al-Dakhnaj stone
    20 – Jasper
    21 – turquoise
    22 – Coral
    23 – Dar Al-Najaf (Shining Stone)
    The precious stones exceeded their material value to carry a medical and psychological value, which reached the ancient Arabs, who were the ones who considered healing with precious stones a science.
    And the pharaohs used turquoise, lapis lazuli, emerald, aquamarine and agate 4000 years ago.
    The Islamic religion, according to Khidr, included many references that show the importance of precious stones, as many precious stones were mentioned in the Qur’an, such as pearls, sapphires and coral. Khidr adds about the uses of precious stones in the Islamic era, “He knew that the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, sealed with an agate stone. while our master Ali sealed it with turquoise.”