The dynasties from 1 to  31

Egypt has the oldest recorded history in the world, and ancient Egyptian history is divided into two comprehensive eras: the prehistoric era and the second historical era.

In the prehistoric era, the first Egyptian settlement began in the Nile Valley (about 6000 BC) when he knew agriculture, domesticated animals, and settled in small cooperative societies, so his civilization advanced and two countries were formed in Egypt, the Delta and Upper Egypt, which soon united in 3100 BC. . Under central authority headed by the pharaoh, and that was thanks to (Mina) unified the two countries.

In the second historical era, writing was known, and the manifestations of religion and art crystallized. This historical era is divided into 30 royal families and three countries, during which Egypt enjoyed a strong central government and also went through periods of decay and disintegration, which can be summarized as follows:

The Archaic Age includes the two families 1 and 2, which is the era of establishing political unity and laying the foundations of Egyptian civilization on solid foundations.

The Old State: It includes families from 3-6 (about 2690 – 2180 BC), which is the era of complete internal security, where Egypt was able to reach the summit of its glory in the sciences of medicine, astronomy and engineering, which is the era of the pyramid builders.

The old state followed the era of the decline of the family reunification from 7-10 (about 2180-2060 BC), chaos and turmoil prevailed, art declined, but Literature flourished, and the good princes were able to unite the country again and advance it.

The Middle Kingdom: includes families from 11-14 (circa 2060-1710 BC)

The kings were interested in foreign policy, took control of Lower Nubia and carried out massive irrigation projects.

The second era of decay includes the dynasties 15-17 (about 1710-1560 BC), in which Egypt fell under the occupation of the Hyksos until the good princes were able to liberate their homeland thanks to loyal people such as Sqnen Ra and his two sons Kamus and then Ahmose. These are considered the founders of the modern state.

The modern state or the era of the empire: the dynasties include 18-20 (about 1580-1085 BC), during which Egypt extended its sovereignty from northern Syria and Mesopotamia to the fourth cataract in Sudan, and Thebes were the capital of this empire, and there were built the greatest temples and the most wonderful tombs.

The Third Decay period followed, including the families of 21-25 (about 1085-663 BC). The country was ruled by kings of Libyan origin, including Shishnag, Yukoris, and others of Nubian origin, the most famous of whom were Yankhi.

The Assyrians also conquered it, so the Egyptians revolted and liberated the country from their control under the leadership of Basmatic I, who established the 26th family (about 663 – 529 BC) and returned to Egypt its power and the Renaissance began, then the Persians seized the country and some powerful figures succeeded in expelling them, but they returned throughout the families 27- 30.

The history of the pharaohs ended when Alexander the Great invaded Egypt and expelled the Persians in 332 BC.

The following are the names of the pharaohs’ rulers distributed among the historical dynasties and the dates of these dynasties, according to the most likely saying:

The second era from about 3100 to 2690 BC:

First family:

– Nermer (Mina)

– Aha

– betrayed (drag)

– Jet (and Largie)

– and Dimon (Den-Smty)

Adj Ayeb (goeb)

– we will grow

– Sign

The second family:

Hotep Sakhmoy

– Nab Ra

– Neatr

– or nj (Awad Ganas)

– Sendi

– Prayeb Sen (Nefer Ka Ra)

– Gea Sekhim

– Khaa Sakhmoy

– Daja

The old state

The era of the builders of the pyramids

From about 2690 to 2180 BC

The old state begins with the beginning of the third dynasty and ends with the sixth dynasty, and the pharaohs usually built pyramids near their palaces in this era. The country’s unity reached its fullest in this era, and this era is characterized by the rapid development of the art of architecture, construction, sculpture and engraving.

The third family:

Djoser:

It is famous for building the pyramid at Saqqara.

– Sancht

– Khaa Ba

– wringing

– Ho (Houni)

Fourth Dynasty:

– Snefru

Khufu: It built the Great Pyramid of Giza

– Dave Ra

Kharaa Afra (Khafre): he built the second pyramid in Giza

Menkaure: He is the builder of the smaller pyramid in Giza

– Sheetsafe

– Kau S betrayed

Fifth Dynasty:

User Kaf (Air Maat)

– Saho Ra

– Nefer Air Krai (User Khao Cocoa)

– Chipska Ra

– Neferf Ra

– Nie Oserre

– From Kao Hor

– grandfather Ka Ra Issa (grandfather Khao)

Unas: He is the owner of the pyramid known by his name southwest of the Step Pyramid of Djoser.

Sixth Dynasty:

– Taty

– User Ka Ra

– Bibi I (Mary Ra)

– He saw that Ra (about me msa f)

– Bibi II (Nefer Ka Ra)

The End of the Old Kingdom

The first era of the first transition

From 2180 to 2060 BC:

Families from the seventh to the tenth, which are the ages of feudalism, then the decay that led to a social and economic deterioration, followed by a social revolution .. Literature flourished in this era.

The Seventh Dynasty: It is not known the names of the kings of this family or the duration of their rule.

The Eighth Dynasty: The names of the kings of this family are not known with certainty.

The Ninth Dynasty: The kings of this family are from Ihanasia, and they are Khiti and his family.

The Tenth Dynasty: The kings of this family whose names are not known with certainty:

– Nefer Ka Ra

– Or Khara

– Mary Ka Ra

Middle Kingdom era

From 2060 to 1785 BC

The Eleventh Dynasty:

– Sahar Tawi (Antef I)

– Wah Ankh (second Intifada)

– Takht Neb Teb Nefer (Entef III)

Sanakh Abi Tawi (Mentuhotep I)

– Nebbet Ra (Mentuhotep II)

– Neb Khurraa (Mentuhotep III)

Sanakh kare (Mentuhotep IV)

– Nab Tawi Ra (Mentuhotep V)

Twelfth Dynasty: Amenemhat

It is the beginning of the golden age and the return to stability, and the rulers of this family are:

– Amenemhat I (Sehtep Ip Ra)

Senusret I (News of Ka Ra)

– Amenemhat II (Nob Kau Ra)

Senusret II (Khara news of Ra)

Senusret III (Khaa Cao Ra)

– Amenemhat III (Ni Maat Ra)

– Amenemhat IV (Maa Kharra Ra)

– Castnefru-Ra

The era of the second transition

From 1785 to 1580 BC

It includes families from the thirteenth to seventeen, chaos reigns again, and matters are disturbed, an era of decay. The era of the occupation of the Hyksos in Egypt, the last of this era, is characterized by the development of war technique and the emergence of war wheels, which led to a decisive victory in what is considered the first major liberation war in the history of The world when Ahmose managed to expel the Hyksos after an occupation that lasted about 150 years.

This era lasted five families in about 210 years, with the following details:

The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties: From 1785 to 1710 BC. M

– Kho Tawi Ra (and dry)

Sekhim Ka Ra

– Sanakh Ibra (Amni Intef Amenemhat)

Sekhm Ra Sashd Tawi (Sobek or SAF) first

– Hotep I foundry

– Sekhim Ra Kho Tawi (Sabak Hotep) the second

Smenkh Ka Ra Mir (radiant)

Sekhim Ra Kho Tawi (Sabak Hotep) the third

Sekhm-Ra-ankh-tawi

Khaa Sachsh-ra (Neferhotep I)

– Sahathor

Khaa Neferra (Sobek Hotep), the fourth

Khaa Ankh-Ra (Sobekhotep) the fifth

Khaa Hotep Ra (Sobek Hotep) sixth

– Wah Iap Ra (Aye Ip)

Mar Neferra (Ay)

Mar Hotep Ra (Sabak Hotep), the seventh

Mar Cao Ra (Sobek Hotep), the eighth

– pigs

Sekhm-Ra Wadiz Khao (Sobek Msa F) II

– Amenemhat Sobek Hotep

Sekhim Ra (Neferhotep) the second

– Sakhem Ra (ghee Tawi Dahouti)

– Sekhm-Ra Nefer Khao (and Buat-msa-f)

– Sakhm-Ra Wa Khao (Ra Hotep)

– Sekhim Ra Khu Tawi (Bin Thani)

– Dd Nefer Ra (Ddu Mossi)

– Dd Hotep Ra (Dido Moussa)

– dd ankh (monto msa f)

– We feel

The lists differed among themselves, and thus historians differed among themselves on the names of some other kings (about 30 other kings) in these two dynasties, which ruled for about a hundred years, and this indicates the short periods that each king ruled, which led to disintegration and deterioration and paved the way for the invasion of the Hyksos.

Hyksos infestation:

The entry of the Hyksos to Egypt began at the end of the rule of the kings of the Fourteenth Dynasty. The Hyksos came from the east and built their capital in the east of the Delta in Uraris. The country’s south was not under their control, and the southern princes would send them tribute. The Hyksos stayed in northern Egypt for about a century and a half until If the rulers of the south expelled them. The latter managed to establish a strong army, fight and expel them, and destroy everything that pertains to them until their memory is erased from their souls and no memory remains. Therefore, the names of their kings cannot be arranged in a certain historical arrangement, so we mention the names of 23 kings during The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties from 1710 to 1680 BC:

– Aa Oser Ra

– Neb fear of Ra

Akin Ra

– Smokin

– She suffered a cat

– betrayed

Eight kings called themselves the Good God.

Six kings who called themselves the son of the sun

– Akin

– Participate

– Baby

The rule of these kings lasted for about 150 years, and the presence of the Hyksos helped me make the Egyptian people, for the first time in its history, a fighter and victorious people for the sake of freedom. And as a result of that, he began to push his borders with this military force and subjugate neighbouring ring countries. The Egyptian revolution against the Hyksos began from the princes of the city of Thebes, the kings of the seventeenth family:

The most important king of the Seventeenth Dynasty: From 1680: 1580 BC. M

– Taa

– Taa Al-Kabeer

– Ta Aen (meaning the brave ones) (Sqnan Ra)

– CAMS (Wedge News Ra)

The struggle against the Hyksos began with King Sqnen Ra, who was likely killed on the battlefield, and his son Kamis followed him in his battles against the Hyksos. Perhaps he was also killed in the battle, but he left a brother who completed the message to the fullest, who was Ahmose, the first king of the eighteenth family.

The era of the modern state – the era of empire

From 1580 to 1085 BC. M

The Eighteenth Dynasty: From 1580 to 1314 BC. M

After the liberation war, Egypt entered a great war phase. So its kings began the war on Asia and conquered Palestine and Syria until they reached the Euphrates River and south to the Fourth Cataract in Sudan.

And the kings of this family set up enormous temples such as Karnak and Luxor. The country lived in the most luxurious manifestations of luxury, art, science and trade … And King Akhenaten, in the late of this family, made a religious coup, so worshipped the disk of the sun alone as a symbol of the unification of the gods in one powerful god.

He moved the capital from Thebes to Tell el-Amarna, but his brother Tutankhamen, who later changed his name to Tutankhamun, returned to the old religion and the old capital. After that, power passed to the family 19 .. and the kings of the family 18 are:

Ahmose I (Neb in Bahti Ra)

Amenhotep I (g Ser Ka Ra)

– Tuthmosis the First (A’aa Kara Ra)

– Thutmose II (Aa news that Ra) ‘Thutmose

– Khumun of Amun Hatshepsut. (What Aat Ka Ra)

– Thutmose III (from the news of Ra)

Amenhotep II (Aa Khreu-Ra)

– Thutmose IV (Khag Khao) (from Khubaru Ra)

– Amenhotep III (Nemuria) (Neb Maat-Ra)

– Amenhotep IV (Nefer Khbrau – Ra-Ra – An-Ra) (Akhenaten)

– Saa Ka Ra (Saa Ka Ra z, Ser Khabro) (Smenkh Ka Ra)

Tutankhamun – Tun Ankh Amun (Neb Khbaru Ra)

– Ay (news of Khreu Ra) (Air Maat)

– Hor Umm Hob – Marin Amun (the secret of Khreu Ra)

The Nineteenth Dynasty: From 1314 to 1200 BC. M

Ramses I (From my search of Ra)

– City I (City Maren Ptah) (from Maat Ra)

Ramses II (Mary Aman) (Wisrael Maat-Ra) (Stepan Ra)

Meren Ptah (Baan Ra) (Mary Amun). (It is counted as the heat of Maat)

– Amun Meses (from Maat-Ra) (Stepan-Ra)

– Moon Ptah Siptah (Brother In Ra) (Stepn Ra)

– Seti II (City Maren Ptah) (Wisr Khabru Ra)

Ramses Siptah

– Shatkh Nakht (Marar Ra) (Waser Khao Ra) (Stepan Ra)

Ramses X (The News of Maat Ra) (Step in Ra)

Ramses XI (from Maat-Ra) (Step in Ptah)

The Twentieth Dynasty: From 1200 to 1085 BC. M

Ramesses III (The Secret of Maat-Ra) (Mar-Amon)

– Ramses IV (Stephen Amen) (The Secret of Maat-Ra) (Mary Amun)

Ramses V (User Maat Ra) (mocked that Ra)

– Ramses VI (Neb Maat Ra) (Mary Aman)

– Ramses VII (Oser Maat Ra) (Mary Aman)

Ramses VIII (User Maat-Ra) (Brother An Amen)

Ramses IX (Nefer Ka Ra) (Stepn Ra).

The last era of decay

From 1085 BC. AD to 332 BC. M

The last nine Ramesses were weak kings who caused the fall of the Twentieth Dynasty and the beginning of the last era of decay from the Twenty-first Dynasty to the Thirty-First Dynasty that ended with Alexander the Macedonian’s invasion of Egypt. During this era, its camps in the north and the south were separated from the empire, and its Libyan neighbours coveted it, so they ruled it for some time. He descended into Nubian dynasties, and the Persians coveted them, and they occupied them, and finally, Egypt fell into the hands of Alexander.

The Twenty-first Dynasty: From 1085 to 950 BC. M

– Nsubended (Sundus)

– Herihor

– Baseb Khino I

– Bayi Nazem first

– Amenum Opt

– Sia Moon

Baseb Khino II

The Twenty-second Dynasty: From 950 to 730 BC. M

During the rule of the Twenty-first Dynasty, the Libyans could extend their influence on Lower Egypt through peaceful migration and by increasing the mercenary Libyan soldiers in the Egyptian army.

With the increase in the weakness of the state of the kings of the 21st family, the influence of the Libyans increased until one of them was able to seize power for himself, a “Shanq”, and thus the foundations of the rule of the twenty-second family, and the kings of this family are:

– Shanq first

– Or your first secret

– Ta clot first

– Or your second secret

– Shaniq, the second

– Taklot II

– Shaniq, the third

– Bamai

– The fourth Shanq.

The Twenty-third Dynasty: From 817 to 730 BC. M

– Paddy Bast

– Shanq V

– Or your third secret

– Ta Clot III

– Amnrod

– Or your fourth secret

The Twenty-Fourth Dynasty: From 730 to 715 BC. M

– Taf Nakht (Chips Ra)

– Pak’n Ren F (Wa Ka Ra) – was known by the Greeks as Boukoris

The Twenty-Fifth Dynasty: The Nubian King, Enkhi, managed to conquer Upper Egypt and then follow the course of the Nile to the Delta, thus subjugating its princes and establishing the rule of this Nubian family, and they are:

– Baniqi (from the news of Ra)

– Shabaka (Nefer Ka Ra)

– Shiba Ta Ka (grandfather of Cao Ra)

Taharq (Nefer Tam Kho Ra)

– Taan and I come safe (Ba Ka Ra)

The Twenty-Sixth Dynasty: From 663 to 525 BC. M

The Egyptians were able to expel the kings of Nubia and seize control of matters with the help of the Greeks, and Basmatik I established the family of 26, during which trade flourished with the Greeks. And at the end of the rule of this family, Egypt fell into the hands of the Persian king of the Persian year 252 BC. M. and the rulers of this family are:

– Basmatik I (Wahib Ra)

– NCAA II (Ip-Ra)

– Basmatik II (Nefer Ip Ra)

– Wah Ip Ra (Haa Ip Ra)

Ahmose Sanet (Khnum Ip Ra)

– Basmatic III (ni ankh ka-ra)

The Twenty-Seventh Dynasty: From 525 BC. AD to 404 BC. M

The Persians conquered Egypt and ruled it for nearly 124 years, and the kings of this family were from the Persians, and they are:

– Cambyses

Darius I.

First Cousse Islands

– Inventive CSS first

– Yos II House

The Twenty-Eighth Dynasty: From 404 to 398 BC. M

One Egyptian king who fought in six years managed to wrest power from the Persians. That is my princess, and he is the ruler of this family.

The Twenty-Ninth Dynasty: From 398 to 378 BC. M. and its kings are:

– Nayef Aao Road (Nefertis) (Ba’an Ra Mernthrow)

– Hajar (Maat Khenam Ra)

Bassamot (Wasser Ra Stein Ptah)

Nayef Aau Rod II (Nefertis)

Thirty Dynasty: From 378 to 341 BC. And its kings are:

– Nottaneb first

– Free grandfather (Teos)

– Nakht Hurr Hob (Nuqtanab II)

The rulers of this family remained in permanent wars with the Persians, who were able to seize it again during the reign of its last rulers and established the thirty-first dynasty. Still, their rule did not last long this time, as it ended with Alexander conquering Egypt.

The Thirty-first Dynasty: From 341 to 333 BC. M. and its kings are:

– Anchored RSCs III (Ochus)

– ArcYou Yos III House (Kudoman)

This family expires. This period of Egyptian history ends with Alexander’s conquest of Egypt.