MATHEMATICS IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN
The way in Ancient Egypt to multiply numbers was straightforward, for example:
– To know the result of multiplying 15 X 12, they did the following operations: –
1 X 15 = 15
2 X 15 = 30
4 X 15 = 60
8 X 15 = 120
Then they added the digits on the left that had a value of 12 (4 +  and their added multiplies would be the result, that is (60 + 120 = 180) and the result of the multiplication of 12 X 15 will be 180.
Measures.
Since the Middle Kingdom they had 3 measurements of size to calculate the amount of liquids: –
Hen = ½ liter.// Heqat (Pušel) = 32.5 liters = 65 hens. // Jar (means sack) = 16 heqats
To measure lengths they knew: –
• The real elbow = 52.5 cms. Each elbow = 7 spans and the span = 7.5 cms. And each span = 4 fingers.
• The normal elbow measuring 45 cm = 6 hands.
• To measure the distances in the river they had a unit = 10.5 kms = 2000 cubits.
For surface areas, especially fields: –
The setgat = 100 square cubits = 2/3 acre.
One acre = 4200 m²
For the weight, they knew a Duden = 91 grams.