Egyptian temples between evolution and symbolism.
 
All the evidence has proven that the Egyptian people are, by nature, religious. This was summed up by Herodotus, who visited Egypt in the fourth century B.C. and wrote in his book on Egypt: that the Egyptians are distinguished from other people, people, by piety and offering sacrifices to the gods. Hence, the idea must be rooted in the souls of the Egyptians since its early ages, which preceded the Dynastic Age (3200 BC), and that we do not have accurate information about the construction of temples within it,
But we have information before the era of the beginning of the dynasties and the first that the temple was a simple hut built its roof from papyrus sticks surrounded by a wall of the same plant as well, ending in a small room for the Holy of Holies. The hut was topped by two stands made of wood with a cloth (the symbol of God). Tr. Perhaps the conditions of exile and movement forced the ancient Egyptians, which is the long instability in one place. Still, it seems that the building developed before the end of the first and second dynasties era by using mud bricks in construction.
In the era of the old state, the use of limestone appeared for the first time during the reign of King Djoser, as it is in his group in Saqqara, then the Valley Temple of King Khafre. In the fifth family, the obelisk appeared for the first time in front of the temple and a table for offerings made of alabaster (as it appears in the ruins of the temple, Nii And the secret of Ra, with the eye of the sun.
In the Middle Kingdom, the temple took a somewhat advanced form, as in the remains of the Temple of Secret Ain Shams, the Temple of Kom Madi in Fayoum for Amenemhat the third and fourth, and it was noted that there were three chapels of the goddess.
 
But the remarkable development that the temple appeared in in the modern country is an example of the architectural development during the previous eras in the ancient and middle countries. Especially after the conquests took their way and appeared in the political arena, and the kings began their desire to express their victories and the joy of victory that had been achieved on earth, so the temple, which is present today, appeared in its huge form and its architectural elements with stance and poise commensurate with its place in Egypt at the time.
 
The representation of the temple of the universe and the eternal hill where the creator god of the universe lived in it, and it was called (Bar Ntr), i.e. the house of the God, so the temple was designed in the form of a trumpet, the sanctity of its holies sits at the highest point of its ground as a representative of the eternal hill on which the God was standing at the beginning Creation.
Thus, the temple was like and simulated the natural and environmental phenomena prevailing in Egypt, and it was the common denominator of the temple elements.
For example, the tower and entrance is the horizon from which the sun rises and sets, as it emits its light to the universe and then sets in its other horizon.
The columns and their crowns represented the various botanical elements in trees, palms, lotus flowers and papyrus plants, which are the basis of the agricultural environment in ancient Egypt.
And like the roof of the temple, the sky of the universe, where the ancient Egyptians decorated it in a manner commensurate with its role, so it was engraved with flowering stars and flying birds.
Like the temple’s axis, the artery of life in Egypt, the temple was built on a straight axis, representing the Nile River, which flows along its path.