Territories of ancient Egypt
The division of ancient Egypt into regions may go back to the pre-dynastic period (before 3100 BC). These territories originally existed as self-governing city-states, but they began to unify later. Following the old tradition, El Hadjim Mina completed the final unification process.
The division into regions was not limited to more than three thousand years. The regions of the individual regions and their arrangement remained remarkably stable. Some of those regions, such as Sakha in the Delta or Ketina in Upper Egypt, were referred to on the Palermo stone inscribed in the Fifth Dynasty as names. Some regions, such as the region of Tal Basta, did not appear before the era of the modern Egyptian state. Under the regime that prevailed most of Egypt’s ancient history, the country was divided into 42 regions.
 
Territories of Lower Egypt.
 
Lower Egypt, which stretched from the capital of the ancient kingdom of Memphis to the Mediterranean, consisted of 20 provinces. The first region was located next to the city of Memphis, Saqqara, and Giza, n the area currently occupied by the city of Cairo. The regions were numbered ascending or descending from south to north across the Nile delta, covering the lands located on the west before continuing in greater numbers to the east. Hence, Alexandria was the third region. Tell Basta was in the eighteenth order.
Region 1 in Lower Egypt (the White Walls Region)
Region 2 in Lower Egypt (travellers region)
Region 3 in Lower Egypt (the livestock region)
Region 4 in Lower Egypt (the land of the southern shield)
Region 5 in Lower Egypt (the land of the Northern Shield)
Region 6 in Lower Egypt (the land of the mountain bull)
Region 7 in Lower Egypt (Land of the Western Spear)
Region 8 in Lower Egypt (the land of the eastern spear)
Region 9 in Lower Egypt (Andjety god land)
Region 10 in Lower Egypt (the land of the black bull)
Region 11 in Lower Egypt (Heseb bull land)
Region 12 in Lower Egypt (land of a cow and a calf)
Region 13 in Lower Egypt (the thriving land of sceptre)
Region 14 in Lower Egypt (Land of the Far North)
Region 15 in Lower Egypt (the land of ibis-Thoth)
Region 16 in Lower Egypt (Fishland)
Region 17 in Lower Egypt (Throne Land)
Region 18 in Lower Egypt (Land of the Prince of the South)
Region 19 in Lower Egypt (Land of the Northern Prince)
Region 20 in Lower Egypt (Land of the Feathered Eagle)
 
Territories of Upper Egypt
 
Upper Egypt was divided into 22 regions, and the first region was centred on Elephantine near the Egyptian border with Nubia at the first cataract – the area is known today as Aswan, and from there the number of regions increased with the progress of the river along the narrow fertile land strip of the Nile Valley Al Wasita (Thebes) Old or contemporary Luxor) represented the fourth region, Amarna in the fourteenth order, and Meidum in the twenty-first.
Region 1 in Upper Egypt (the land of arches)
Region 2 in Upper Egypt (Land of the Throne of Horus)
Region 3 in Upper Egypt (land of the mausoleum)
Region 4 in Upper Egypt (The Land of the Scepter)
Region 5 in Upper Egypt (The Land of Nisreen)
Region 6 in Upper Egypt (Crocodile Land)
Region 7 in Upper Egypt (the land of the sheikhs)
Region 8 in Upper Egypt (Great Land)
Region 9 in Upper Egypt (Land of the god Min)
Region 10 in Upper Egypt (Land of the Cobra)
Region 11 in Upper Egypt (Sha-Set animal land)
Region 12 in Upper Egypt (the land of the mountain of the snake)
Region 13 in Upper Egypt (the land of the upper sceptre and the snake)
Region 14 in Upper Egypt (the land of the lower sceptre and the snake)
Region 15 in Upper Egypt (Haris Land)
Region 16 in Upper Egypt (the Oryx region)
Region 17 in Upper Egypt (the land of Anubis)
Region 18 in Upper Egypt (Land of Six)
Region 19 in Upper Egypt (The Land of the Two Scepters)
Region 20 in Upper Egypt (southern sycamore land)
Region 21 in Upper Egypt (Northern sycamore land)
Region 22 in Upper Egypt (Land of the Knife)
 
Egypt in the ra of the Ptolemies
Some territories were added or renamed during the Greco-Roman occupation of Egypt; for example, Ptolemy was renamed Crocodelopolis, then Arsinoe. Hadrian created a new province, Antinopolis, of which Antinopois was his capital.
 
Egypt in the era of the Romans
Provinces remained in place in oman times under Roman rule, and each province minted its coin, called the “provincial coin,” which still reflects individual local unions and traditions. The provinces of ancient Egypt retained their importance as administrative units until the basic rearrangement of the bureaucracy during the reign of Diocletian and Constantine.
From the year 307/8, these territories were replaced by smaller units called pagi, and eventually, powerful local officials called pagarchs emerged among them. The main role of these officials was to regulate tax collection.
Later they were assigned to military jobs and were usually chosen from among the wealthy landowners who ruled over the pagi in which they had grown up.
 
Princes … governors of the regions
For most of the historical period, every province was under the presidency of an Emir. At that time, the prince’s position was hereditary, while at other times, it is appointed by the king. In general, the rulers appointed by the king when the government was centralized was weaker, except that during foreign invasions or civil wars – the individual territories were sovereign and established their lines of inheritance of rule and disputes between these different provincial princes were common and the most famous of which is that which occurred In the first transitional period, at a time that witnessed a collapse in the central authority, which lasted from the reign of the seventh dynasty until the eleventh dynasty, which ended again with the king’s assertion of his control over the entire country.