Ancient Egyptian colours:

Dyes are dyes that were extracted from nature, Whether flowers, seeds, tree trunks, or some insects and butterflies:

It is the oldest used in colouring,

But the ancient Egyptian discovered that she soon became especially faded

When exposed to sunlight … go to:

Pigments are mostly mineral (mineral).

And it proved to be much better than Organic.

As they differ in the degree of stability, lustre and vulnerability

With water, solutions, or surrounding environmental factors.

Egyptian blue and green are the most popular metallic colours

Which was prepared from sand, iron filings and sodium bicarbonate …

Also among the most important colours are red, yellow and brown

Which was prepared from other …

White was prepared from lime and gypsum …

And the blacks of carbon …

I will explain (ijtihad) in a little detail.

The ancient Egyptian method of manufacturing and finding these colours

But before we need to know that colour (ink or dye) consists of

Four major components

“So that the ancient Egyptian could paint or draw with it on the walls

Or on papyrus “:

1 Dye and Pigments

Inks – dyes – coloured materials, whether organic or metallic.

2  Vehicle

The solvent is often water.

3 Bond

The binder limits the flow of inks and dyes and works on

They stick to the surface and are like glue, egg white, and animal glue.

4 Dryer

Dried like vinegar or wine.

Blue

Blue, in all its shades, was an important colour for the ancient Egyptians

It is the sky, and it is the Nile, and it is the colour of many gods.

Egyptian blue or Blue frit.

Calcium copper silicate

The ancient Egyptian was grinding a mixture of:

Quartz sand

Lime (calcium oxide)

Copper compound

And that is added to it

Alkali solvent, such as natron salt

* It heats up to 1200 degrees.

And blue is considered glass in its form because sand contributed to its manufacture.

To a large degree, it is the colour that is more influenced by external factors.

Especially flash cameras,

In some cases, cobalt metal has been used in this way

It is a radioactive element in some cases, and some interpreted it as the scientific reason

For the curse of the pharaohs.

 Azurite

Basic copper carbonate CU3 (CO3) (OH) 2

It was another source of blue in ancient Egypt

This boat was found in the Eastern Desert and Sinai in copper mines.

The reason for its name is its azure colour, and its advantages are that it is not affected by

Natural conditions, except that with intense heat it turns black

It dissolves in acids and alkaline solutions.

The green:

It was an important colour, symbolizing eternity, resurrection, and eternity.

The ancient Egyptian considered it a sacred colour:

Egyptian green:

Wollastonite

Calcium silicate

The method of preparing it in ancient Egypt is similar to that of blue

However, add more lime at a lower temperature.

Malachite

Basic calcium carbonate

copper carbonate hydroxide

It is also another source of green

It is also found in copper veins in copper mines associated with azurite and sulfur extracted from the Eastern Desert and Sinai …

And it is considered one of the oldest metallic colours known to the ancient Egyptian after the white.

the Red:

It is the royal colour indicative of victory and was used extensively to write on me.

Papyrus was extracted from:

Red ocher

Hematite Ocher

It contains 20% of iron oxide, but some have proven that

Egyptian red contains more than 50% of iron oxide

Iron ocher

Which is found mixed with the child, and sometimes red clay is used for colouring,

The ancient Egyptians were able to extract shades of red and orange

Mix and change these proportions.

Yellow:

It is considered one of the important colours indicating the sun, gold, and some cases.

Women’s skin tone extracted from:

Yellow Ocher

Native ocher or Limonite Ocher

It is found in nature in the sandstones of Western Sahara and were

It is also extracted from iron mines in the Bahariya oasis with hematite

And in some rock layers in the Eastern Desert,

And it was considered the main source for it from ores and mineral deposits

Iron metal and may also be formed by iron rust.

Among its characteristics is that it is not affected by acids or alkalis.

And it turns red by exposure to high temperatures.

Orpiment

Royal yellow = arsenic sulfide

It was used beginning in the family of 18, and a bag was found from it in the tomb of Tut.

Jarosite

Its colour is amber yellow

This compound was found attached to quartz in the Eastern Desert, and it was used on a small scale in ancient Egypt during the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom era,

the White:

It is considered the oldest colour in ancient Egypt, where it was used in the ages.

Pre-dynastic.

It was found abundantly in ancient Egypt in the form of:

 gypsum = plaster “gypsum”

Calcium sulfate

It was found in many forms in ancient Egypt. It was found mixed with sand, “gypsum”, and found mixed with rocks with sandstone and limestone, “rock gypsum”, and found in the form of “selenite” crystals as it was found and used extensively as a material “alabaster”, which formed the most beautiful statues and utensils in ancient Egypt.

Lime

Calcium Carbonate

It was found in abundance in ancient Egypt in limestone quarries, especially in Cairo and Luxor. The most important forms of it are quick or non-hydrated lime and hydrated lime saturated with water.

Huntite

Magnesium calcium carbonate

magnesium calcium carbonate

This compound has been used since the beginning of the New Kingdom and is considered.

It was brighter and whiter than lime and gypsum and was used to colour the deities.

Valley of Kings,

This compound was extracted from lime where limestone was milled

Then it is soaked with water, and the fine particles are separated and then dried

It is often used with egg white.

White lead

A basic lead carbonate, Cerussite

Basic lead carbonate, a white, heavy, and extremely toxic substance, is one of the oldest colouring materials. It was used in paint, to make putty, and in some types of ceramics.

the black:

He was used extensively to write on papyrus, especially in cemeteries

To dye hair, eyes and some jewellery, and it was extracted from:

Carbon

Soot is one of the most important sources that have been obtained

The black colour in ancient Egypt,

Which was scraped from the surfaces of utensils used in cooking and soot lamps and mixed with glue.